Environmental Control of Plant Primary Metabolism: Exploitation of Plant Plasticity in Perennial and Tree Crops
Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science,
Page 40-50
DOI:
10.9734/ajrcs/2021/v6i430125
Abstract
Perennial and tree crops are interwoven with environmental challenges in multiple ways, as anthropogenic global changes are a fundamental component in a variety of pressures that have negative consequences for farming. Climate controls have a wide range of detrimental effects on the land and crops. Rainfall, temperature, heat waves, pests or bacteria, CO2 or ozone levels, and marine flows are a few examples of environmental controls life. These alterations have a negative influence on the metabolisms of primary and secondary in plants, but they make use of the adaptability of plants also, which is referred to as plasticity.
Biological and metabolic characteristics, as well as plant genome mutations for greater adaptability, play an important impact on growth patterns. Pathogens and herbivores, for example, are important climatic regulators that induce unique plasticity within the plant system. The incredible adaptability is that the plants thrive under extreme conditions. Furthermore, more research and investigations are needed to determine how and to what extent plasticity can aid endurance. Because of the influence of various other factors, the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. They sense the stressor in the environment, become engaged, and then trigger the appropriate physiological responses. According to the GDB theory, the metabolic exchange is responsible for plant elasticity including the processes of growth and differentiation.
The genetic trade-off in plant life development is caused by the biological impact on growth and genetic alterations, as well as herbivory and plant-plant competition. In a traditional growth rate model, researchers separate the biological and evolutionary components to characterize the impact of competition in the development of this flexibility. Plant breeding is unquestionably important in the application of plasticity to stressful controls. In the current circumstances, larger yields under harsh environmental conditions are required to meet food demand.
Keywords:
- Perennial crop
- primary metabolism
- regulation of environment
- biotic and abiotic stress, exploitation of plasticity
How to Cite
Bhattacharya, S., Mukherjee, S., Mazumder, R., & Moni Chatterjee, S. (2021). Environmental Control of Plant Primary Metabolism: Exploitation of Plant Plasticity in Perennial and Tree Crops. Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science, 6(4), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2021/v6i430125
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Gerszberg A, Hnatuszko-Konka K. Tomato tolerance to abiotic stress: a review of most often engineered target sequences. Plant Growth and Regulation. 2017;83:175– 198.
Cui H, Tsuda K, Parker JE. Effector-triggered immunity: from pathogen perception to robust defense. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 2015;66:487–511.
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Singh RN, Majumder PK, Sharma DK. Sexexpression in mango (Mangifera indica L.) with reference to prevailing temperature. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 1966;89:228-229.
Ramaswamy N, Vijayakumar M. Studies of the effects of flowering and fruiting behaviour of South Indian mango cultivars in Abstract IV. International Mango Symposium, Miami Beach. 1992;47.
Relyea, Rick A, Associate Editor: Peter J. Morin. Costs of Phenotypic Plasticity. The American Naturalist. 2002;159(3):272-82. Accessed August 17, 2021.
DOI: 10.1086/338540.
Van Kleunen M, Fischer M. Constraints on the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in plants. New Phytologist. 2005; 166:49-60.
Sultan SE. Phenotypic plasticity for plant development, function and life history. Trends in Plant Science. 2000;5(12):537-42.
He T, Pausas JG, Belcher CM, et al. Fire-adapted traits of Pinus arose in the fiery Cretaceous. New Phytol. 2012;194:751–759.
He T, Pausas JG, Belcher CM, Schwilk DW, Lamont BB. Fire- adapted traits of Pinus arose in the fiery Cretaceous. New Phytologist. 2012;194:751-759.
Briand CH, Schwilk DW, Gauthier S, Bergeron Y. Does fire regime influence life history traits of jack pine in the southern boreal forest of Québec, Canada? Plant Ecol. 2015;216:157–164.
Zamorano JG, Hokkanen T, Lehikoinen A. Climate-driven synchrony in seed production of masting deciduous and conifer tree species. J Plant Ecol. 2018; 11:180–188.
Shinneman DJ, Baker WL, Rogers PC, Kulakowski D. Fire regimes of quaking aspen in the Mountain West. For Ecol Manag. 2013;299(2013):22–34.
Greene DF, Zasada JC, Sirois L, et al. A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species. Can J For Res. 1999;29:824–839.
Miyanishi K, Johnson EA. Process and patterns of duff consumption in the mixedwood boreal forest. Can J For Res. 2002;32:1285–1295.
Prescott CE, Maynard DG, Laiho R. Humus in northern forests: friend or foe? For Ecol Manage. 2000;133:23–36.
Morin X, Augspurger C, Chuine I. Process-based modeling of species’ distributions: What limits temperate tree species’ range boundaries? Ecology. 2007;88:2280–2291.
Tonsor SJ, Scott C, Boumaza I, Liss TR, Brodsky JL, Vierling E. Heat shock protein 101 effects in A. thaliana: genetic variation, fitness and pleiotropy in controlled temperature conditions. Molecular Ecology. 2008;17(6):1614– 1626.
Pigott CD, Huntley JP. Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata at the northern limits of its geographical range III. Nature and causes of seed sterility. New Phytol. 1981;87:817–839.
Lenoir J, Gégout J-C, Pierrat J-C, et al. Differences between tree species seedling and adult altitudinal distribution in mountain forests during the recent warm period (1986–2006). Ecography. 2009; 32:765–777.
Bell DM, Bradford JB, Lauenroth WK. Early indicators of change: divergent climate envelopes between tree life stages imply range shifts in the western United States. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2014;23:168–180.
Dobrowski SZ, Swanson AK, Abatzoglou JT, et al. Forest structure and species traits mediate projected recruitment declines in western US tree species. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 2015;24:917–927.
Wu W, Ma BL, Whalen JK. Enhancing rapeseed tolerance to heat and drought stresses in a changing climate: perspectives for stress adaptation from root system architecture. Advances in Agronomy. 2018;151:87–157.
Blum A. Effective use of water (EUW) and not water-use efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress. Field Crop Res. 2009;112: 119–123.
Neilsen D, Neilsen G, Forge T. Building resilience: future directions in mineral nutrition of woody perennial crops. Acta Horticulturae. 2018;1-12.
Jungk A. Dynamics of nutrient movement at the soil–root interface. Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, 3rd edn. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker. 2002;587–616.
Manchanda G, Garg N. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiol Plant. 2008;30: 595–618.
Van Oosten J, Wilkins D, Besford R. Acclimation of Tomato to Different Carbon Dioxide Concentrations. Relationships between Biochemistry and Gas Exchange during Leaf Development. The New Phytologist. 1995;130(3):357-367.
Raines CA, Horsnell PR, Holder C, Lloyd JC. Arabidopsis thaliana carbonic anhydrase: cDNA sequence and effect of CO2 on mRNA levels. Plant Mol Biol. 1992;20(6):1143-8.
Van Oosten J, Wilkins D, Besford R. Regulation of the expression of photosynthetic nuclear genes by CO2 is mimicked by regulation by carbohydrates: a mechanism for the acclimation of photosynthesis to high CO2? 1994;17(8): 913-923.
Hammond-Kosack KE, Jones JDG. Plant disease resistance genes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1997;48: 575 607.
Peck S, Mittler R. Plant signaling in biotic and abiotic stress. J Exp Bot. 2020;71(5): 1649-1651.
Wang S, Zhu G, Huang Z, et al. Rewiring of the fruit metabolome in tomato breeding. Cell. 2018;172:249–261.e12.
Hull R. Plant Virology, 5th Edn. New York: Academic Press; 2013.
Anderson JP, Badruzsaufari E, Schenk PM, Manners JM, Desomnd OJ, Ehlert C, et al. Antagonistic interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonate- ethylene signaling pathways modulates defense gene expression and disease resistant in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2004;16:3460–3479.
Gao Z, Johansen E, Eyers S, Thomas CL, Noel Ellis TH, Maule AJ. The potyvirus recessive resistance gene, sbm1, identifies a novel role for translation initiation factor eIF4E in cell-to-cell trafficking. Plant J. 2004;40(3):376-85.
Soosaar, Jennifer & Burch-Smith, Tessa & Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma. Mechanisms of plant resistance to viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3:789-98.
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