Effect of Abiotic Stresses on Brassica Species and Role of Transgenic Breeding for Adaptation
Sunny Ahmar
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Nauman Liaqat
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Mubashar Hussain *
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Arslan Salim
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Asad Shabbir
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad Yasir Ali
College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China.
Hamza Armghan Noushahi
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Muhammad Bilal
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Bilal Atta
Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan.
Muhammad Rizwan
Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Abiotic stresses extremely affect crop productivity and agro-morphological and biochemical properties of all Brassica species. Due to these stresses, yield of many important Brassica species decreases by disturbing their normal growth rate. In this review, we have highlighted the latest reports about the impact of different abiotic stresses on different growth stages and other morpho-physiological processes of important Brassica species such as canola/rapeseed (Brassica napus), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. Many researchers reported that abiotic stresses influence the important morpho-biochemical characteristics such as root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight, proline and relative water contents, chlorophyll amount, antioxidant enzymes activity of important Brassica species. Cell injury also occurs by disturbance in normal oxidative processes due to these stresses. Against these stresses genetic modification have been described for the development of transgenic plant. The present study will be useful to identify the best abiotic stress tolerant Brassica genotypes for further genetic engineering program and crop improvement programs.
Keywords: Abiotic stresses, Brassica species, crop breeding, adaptation.